Babur, the founder of the empire that was called with his name was a great commander, statesman and organiser. He was a great man of letters, poet, and scholar at the same time. He protected and encouraged the scientists and the artists. He was loyal to the principle stating that "If your father enforced good laws, keep them in execution and in force. If these laws are bad, or if they do not meet the requirements, arrange the new ones". Therefore, he provided the activation of the laws and institutions. He developed them and annulled those that had become out-of-date or null and void.
The economic life in the Babur Empire was based on agriculture. Cultivation of vegetables, tobacco, opium had become widespread. Cotton was the product that was mostly produced and the textile was highly developed. Wool, cotton and silken fabrics, and the handmade materials were sold to the Europeans, and few materials were imported from the foreign countries. Actually, the country had a sufficient economy that met the requirements of its population in those periods. Nevertheless, there were terrible droughts in the years with the lack of proper rainfall.
Great poets, men of letters and historians had been trained within Babur Empire. The architecture had developed to a high level, and the entire India was nearly covered with very beautiful works of art.
The biggest fault or mistake of the rulers that governed this Turkish Empire in India was that they did not increase the Turkish population in this country through foreseeing the future of the state. The present Turks had been in minority; and these Turks were employed as soldiers in the army or officials in the state affairs. As a result, the spoken and literary language that was Turkish in the period of Babur was left gradually after the period of Babur and it was gradually substituted by Farsi and then, Urdu languages. Urdu language (Orduca) developed as a mixed language that was used by the soldiers most of whom were Turks in order to understand each other. This language was composed of words that had been borrowed from Turkish language, Farsi language and the other Hindu dialects. This language is the official language of Pakistan today and it is spoken in most of the regions of India.
The religious life in India was so vivid. The religion of Islam had become widespread among the native people. There were more than one thousand of Muslim theological schools even only in Delhi. The movement of Islamic mysticism that approached from Turkestan also affected India and the religious orders of Çişti, Nakshibendî, Kadirî, Sühreverdî, and Şettarî orders had become widespread in this region.
However, the most developed cultural and artistic branches in India were the architecture and literature. Taj Mahal that evokes the admiration of the entire world has been the symbol of delight, delicacy and mastery of Turkish architecture in India. We will introduce the work of Vekai (Baburname) written by Babur Shah, the founder of this empire that has been considered as one of the most beautiful works of Chagatai literature and Taj Mahal with its chief architect of Mehmed Isa Effendi from Istanbul under separate sub-titles.