God had the sun of state to rise in the sign of Turks
and the states that resembled to the circles in the sky
to orbit around their sultanate, and
the Turks to become the sovereign of the earth
Kaşgarlı Mahmud
The political organisations that had been established in this stage of Turkish history were not the Steppe provinces henceforth. Turks had adopted themselves to the conditions of the new regions and the cultures in respect of social situations, economical life, administrative and military aspects and also the language, literature, and art. Therefore, they undertook an identity much more different than their older and ancient identities. One of these conditions was that the religion of Islam was a religion connected with a book that organised the worldly material activities. Another condition was that some of the native people maintained their lifestyles related with the ancient Iranian (Sasani) traditions as well as the Islamic religious faiths and institutions.
Turks had not intervened in the traditions and institutions that the Muslim groups had been used to and that did not disturb them in the course of their sovereignty. Therefore, this Turkish political organisations had some characteristics such as the continuation of social classes, the usage of Farsi language that was the language spoken by people and the Arabian language that was the language of Koran in both spoken and written means, the validity of these two languages in literature, religious and scientific works, the usage of Islamic names, titles, and nicknames by the Turkish governors and rulers, the maintenance of the present governmental organisation together with their names, the participation of the native gorups in the service for the defence of the state, and the reinforcement of the Islamic faiths and ideals as a dominant spiritual power within the state.
However, these Turkish states did not constitute exact Islamic States. The differences were of great significance since these differences were based on the foundations and cores. The different points that distinguish the Turkish-Islam state from Islamic state were particularly observed in the understanding of sovereignty, the military character in the state, the religious attitudes and behaviours in the society, the land regime and the social rights. Therefore, these Turkish states were the organisations with some characteristics peculiar to them that united the values of the cultural environment that were present in the countries under the domination of the religion of Islam and the political, social, and legal customs and traditions fo Steppe Turks in an harmonious manner.
Naturally, this combination did not occur easily and it necessitated a long stage of transition. Let alone the individual Turks or some Turkish groups that had been in the service of the caliphate, the period of Karahanli State that was the first Islamic-Turkish political organisation constitutes the stage of this transition in the level of state. Actually, Karahanli State was a Turkish state in respect of policy, society and legal institutions since it was founded in the region of Central Asia with the population that was nearly of one hundred percent Turkish origin. Therefore, this state represented Islam in respect of religion and it constituted a bridge towards the type of Turkish-Islamic society. This progress was completed with the Seljuk State.
This result could not have been obtained with the Gazneli State since this state had constituted only a thin layer over the foreign ethnical mass groups. Therefore, on one hand, Gazneli rulers that had been in operation near the Islam world had to rely on the native groups of their state. On the other hand, their policy that was oriented towards foreign countries (India) had deprived them of such opportunity. However, Seljuk State was founded in the middle of the Muslim countries and all of its political, economical and religious activities were oriented directly towards the affairs of their country and the demands and requirements of Turkish and native Muslim peoples. Therefore, the Great Seljuk Empire had realised the aforesaid combination and succeeded in the establishment of a Turkish-Islamic state and society. The period of Great Seljuk Empire had a quality of a great era that marked the further history for the period of one thousand years.