MELIKSAH THE 1ST
He is the third and greatest of Turkish Seljukian rulers dominated in Iran. He was born in Isfahan in 1054, and died in Baghdad in 1092 when he was 38. Upon his father Alparslan's being shot, he ascended the throne when he was 18 in 1072.
First he put down the rebellion of his uncle and captured Maveraunnehir and Harzem. Famous vizier Nizamulmulk played an important role in both his being enthroned and victories. Three fourths of Anatolia was invaded in his period and in Syria, we achieved great success.
In 1076, Jerusalem was taken from Fatimis, and in 1085, Antakya and two years later, Urfa were taken from Byzantium. Aleppo and Damascus went under Seljukian control in his period. The borders of his state expanded from Kaşgar and Seyhun region to Mediterranean, Red Sea, and Umman Sea. The Abbasi Caliphs in Baghdad were under Seljukian Empire rule completely.
Melikşah the 1st, who ruled for twenty years, was known not only for his bravery but also his intelligence, love of science and level in literature. He succeeded in not only capturing many regions together with his Vizier Nizamulmulk, who was from Turkish origin just like he was, but also in constructing many bridges on rivers, castles and waterlines in cities.
Great Persian poet Omer Hayyam is one of the big thinkers of his period who was protected in his palace.
Meliksah founded an observatory in Baghdad and caused a calendar revolution which started in 1086 and was based on rotating of the earth around the sun, which was called "Celali calendar".
In his palace, Turkish was being spoken, but literary language was Persian. He has very beautiful quatrains. He had three sons named Berkiyaruk, Sencer, Mehmet, who all ruled.