The issue about the origin of Steppe culture by the Proto-Turks (ancestors of Turks) in the plateaux of the Altay Mountains was alleged by the "Vienna school" that was represented by the famous historians of culture that attached importance to the steppe lands as a cultural medium. The significant stage of the civilisation history related with the domestication of horses and the general stockbreeding was accomplished by the ancestors of Turks.
Three cultural periods were determined in the region of the steppe lands (bone culture, stockbreeding culture, horse-breeding culture). As a new result of this last stage, the culture of the "Warrior Shepherds" ("Hirtenkrieger") emerged with the centre of horse. This level indicates the highest degree of the steppe culture that was characteristic of especially the Proto-Turks.
The domestication of horses and the creation of the shepherd culture of horses have firstly been observed among the Turks. This success that was attained in the history of mankind has led to significant results and consequences in the development of other tribes and cultures. As it was indicated by the historical relations, the qualifications for the establishment of a great state could come into existence under these circumstances". The usage of horses as saddle horses is a cultural stage beyond agriculture and relevant stockbreeding and an important phase of the world history. In respect of the domestication of animals, firstly the deer and then reindeers (by Samoyed people) were domesticated. Finally, the horses were domesticated by the ancestors of Turks and they were put in the service of mankind. The results obtained from the researches about this issue have come to the same consequences.
Turks have constituted the only tribe that lived in the Central Asia and passed from the stage of hunting to the stage of domestication of animals in a very ancient period.Horse was domesticated by Turks and Turks are considered as the first people who had ridden horses. It is definite that the steppe lands of the Central Asia are of great significance in respect of the history of culture.
Actually, there are three fundamental resources in respect of economy over the earth: forest, agriculture, and stockbreeding. People could get use of these opportunities provided by the environment in which they lived and they could survive thereof. Therefore, the first cultures in the history could gain peculiar characteristics under the natural conditions of the region in which they emerged. Thus, the forest tribes were connected with the "sponger" culture (hunting, picking (and those who lived in the places suitable for agriculture were connected with the "villager" culture (farming).
Similarly, the people in the steppe lands had developed the "shepherd" culture (stockbreeding). Therefore, the culture of Turks who are from steppe land not the forest tribes or villagers is distinguished with different characteristics from all the other communities in respect of emergence, development and contents.
"Altay-Turkish trooper shepherd culture" had provided the ancestors of Turks with a distinguished conception of world and a lifestyle different from the other communities. This is the determination to establish the domination of human intelligence and will over the nature that was firstly observed in the history of mankind. The domestication of horses and the struggles that took place among the pastures equipped the steppe people with fortitude and heroism. They enabled them with the power of organisation.The ancient Turks had esteemed the horse that they were grateful for anything they had to the degree of holiness.
Another important value that was provided for the human being through horses was the concept of speed. By means of this speed, the ancient primitive tribes got rid of the laziness of the mental stagnation. Then, this speed oriented them to vivid activities it enabled the imagination of eternal opportunities in the horizon of the mankind. Another universal value that the steppe culture developed through horses was the opinion of justice. This opinion was based on the reciprocal respect that provided the collective life of the people in a society pertaining to the trooper warrior shepherds. Similarly, it was the output of the thought about the establishment of a state through uniting the communities under a higher administrative order.
The obligation of the management and direction of the crowded animal herds on horseback enabled the ancient Turks to succeed in the plan of the administration of the people that they subdued through the speed of their horses and the mineral of iron. Therefore, the first political organisations of the world seem to have been organised and established by the ancestors of Turks that are also considered as the first law-makers.
The ancient Turkish culture that developed in the steppe lands had some certain effects in the world history in respect of two aspects. First of these aspects was the economical factor through the development and diffusion of stockbreeding; and the second aspect was the social factor through the higher organisational methods. The first issue is of great significance since it directed the people to become producers (makers) instead of the parasite ("sponger") economy that consumed without any production in return like hunting, picking, etc. This was the indicator of a beneficial economical development. However, the second issue has much greater significance since it saved the people from constituting simple groups and it led them to connect to the social orders. The human value that enabled the continuation of the economical activities was therefore put into practice.
Therefore, this important role of the Ural-Altaic tribes in the world history should be emphasised with great significance. Even the most ancient high civilisations came into existence pursuant to the intervention of the warrior trooper shepherds in the big river valleys where some tribes that were incapable of establishing a state although they were much more diligent and cultivators had settled in. It is possible to express the issue in a definite manner in respect of the Indo-European people. The successes of the Indo-European tribes (the ancestors of today's European people) in the fields of organisation and policy can be expressed through their acquaintance with these steppe groups.
They got into contact with the steppe culture within the environs of the Lake Aral in the 2nd millennium BC and thus, they attained these capabilities. This was the case for the other regions. As a matter of fact, the first state organisation in the Eastern Asia was established by the ancient Turks and the similar results were observed in respect of the Minor-Asian tribes.