Tuva Turkish is classified as "d" group in accordance with the classifications of the Turcologists. This classification results from the preservation of the voice of "d" in Tuva Turkish that is rooted from the Ancient Turkish. From this point of view, it can be stated that Tuva Turkish is the language that is the nearest to the Ancient Turkish among the Turkish dialects. Due to the domination of Mongols on Tuva lands for centuries, much more Mongolian words have been appropriated in Tuva Turkish when compared to all the other Turkish dialects. It is anticipated that the rate of the Mongolian-rooted words in Tuva Turkish is higher than the rate of 30%. Taking into consideration that the Mongolian and Turkish languages are the two branches of the same language family in the history, it can be possible to reduce this rate. Due to the fact that the Tuva people lived together with the Russians in the 20th century, there is a great effect of the Russian language particularly in respect of the technical terms. Nevertheless, the influence of the Arabian and Farsi languages felt in the other Muslim Turkish communities is rare in Tuva Turkish. The religious terms are rooted from Tibetan and Mongolian languages. Taking into consideration that we have been apart from Tuva people for over a thousand years, it is normal that we have differences in language. The differences occur in the vocal modifications rather than the structure of the sentence or the affixes. Nevertheless, thousands of words that can be understood at once are used in common with Turkish spoken in Turkey. The words that we can think of first are given below:
ak, al-, arı, at, baş, başka, beg, bel, beş, bilek, bir, dağ, demir, dolu, dört, düş, dür-, inek, kara, karış, kulak, kes-, keski, kurt, süt, etc...
Apart from these worlds, thousands of words have been differentiated with only several vocal differences. Someone who only knows the dialect of Istanbul can find these types of words strange and odd. But those who know the Anatolian dialects can understand these words in a jiffu:aar (ağır), ool(oğul), daş(taş), dus(tuz), bus(pus), dilgi(tilki), dis(diz), etc....
Despite these characteristics, we can state that Tuva Turkish is the most different dialect from Turkey's Turkish following the dialects of Chuvash and Saha. Until nowadays, Tuva Turks would start their own written language and literatures since the beginning of the 20th century. Upon the collapse of Soviets, the researchers of Tuva were convinced that they should stand as the protectors of the ancient Turkish written monuments at least. To this effect, on the occasion of the celebration of one-hundredth year of the reading of Gokturk eternal rocks, they organised a big general assembly in the year of 1993. The Orhun Monuments were translated into Tuva Turkish and then published with the name of "Kültegin-Burungu Türk Bijiktin Turaskaaldarı" (Kültigin-Ancient Turkish Written Monuments) in Kizil in the year of 1993. The scientists started to study upon the relation of the Ancient Turkish and Tuva Turkish much more than before. "It was a necessity to place the course titled as "Orhun-Yenisey eternal stones" into the curriculums of the secondary and high schools and to publish new reading books and educational books".
Tuva Turks that did not have their own alphabet in 1920s used partially the Mongolian and Russian alphabets. Taking the alphabet of Turkish in Turkey as a model, they prepared the alphabet of the Republic of Tuva. This alphabet in which Latin-rooted Tuva letters were used yielded to the Cyrillic alphabet before the time in which the independent Republic of Tuva surrendered to the Soviet Union. As per the law ratified in the year 1941, it was resolved that the Cyrillic alphabet would be used. Although this alphabet is not used today, the transition to the Latin alphabet is still debated among Tuva intellectuals.
The verbal literature of Tuva has been a part of the daily life of people for centuries. The epics of heroism take the greatest place in this literature beyond any doubt. Most of these epics that are singed with the first lines in rhymes with the accompaniment of a musical instrument have been compiled and published. The written literature that started in 1930s was significantly under the effect of the communist ideology. Nevertheless, the lives of Tuva Turks take part in these short stories, novels and theatrical works written. Hunting and stockbreeding that are the two most important means of subsistence in the social life are commonly dealt within the literary works. In 1990s, the contents of the literary works have been oriented to new movements through the collapse of the communist ideology, the expansion of nationalisation and the desires for independence. Thus, the social values that were tried to be eliminated by the communist system started to take the most important place.
The following names that we can think of first can be considered among the Tuva Men of Letters such as; Salçak Toka, Monguş Kenin Lopsan, Kizil Enik Kudaji, Viktor Kok-Ool, Salim Sürün-Ool, Stepan Sang-Ool, Yuri Künzegeş, Oleg Suvakpit, Ekatarina Tanova.