The Turkish tribe that had their peculiar alphabets and literary languages that we know for sure is Gokturk people together with their inscriptions that dates back to the 8th century. However, it is beyond doubt that the Turks had some alphabets in the preceding eras before the Gokturk State. Actually, it was difficult to govern the great empires that extended to wide regions without the possession of a literary language.

Unfortunately, the written documents were lost in the stormy whirlpool of the steppe lands just like most of the ancient Turkish cultural keepsakes. As a matter of fact, some indicators that confirmed this situation could be observed in the resources.Before the Gokturk State, Ak-Hun people had their own literary language and this was just as the same as that of the Gokturk State. According to the Byzantine historian Prokopios (6th century), Ogur tribes would use their own alphabets. It is obvious that the Ogur people were familiar with alphabets since there was the word of "yazı" (literary language) in their language. The letter that Istemi Yabgu sent to the Byzantine emperor in the year of 568 was written in the "Scythian" (Turkish) literary language. In the years of 576, a book of Buddhism that had been written in Chinese language was translated into Turkish for T'a-po Kagan. We know that the Hun registrars would read the texts that they wrote in their own languages to Atilla.

It is beyond doubt that the European Hun people had their own literary language. The alphabet of the Danube Bulgarian people had developed a less progress compared to the Orhun alphabet. This alphabet was the continuation of the Hun alphabet. Therefore, it has been understood that the Hun people that came from the east to Europe in the 4th century had brought forward their literary language with them.

It seems that the Asian Hun alphabet was fairly widespread. There are some information stated within the Chinese almanacs as follows: "Kao-kü people who were the ancestors of Uighur people would write in the Chinese language; however, they would also write in Hun literary language… They would read the classical text in the Hun language…" "Hua-guo people would use the Hun alphabet that they wrote on the skins of the sheep in the course of the foreign trade affairs." However, there were some statements indicating that the Hun people did not have any literary language or Gokturk people were not familiar with any literary language within some of the Chinese almanacs pertaining to the further periods. These statements should be interpreted in the way that the Turks did not know to read and write in Chinese language. As a matter of fact, some of the examples of the Gokturk literary language and alphabet that pertained to the eras before Christ were indicated within a previous record written nearly 40 years before this last news.

A silver pot was found in the Eksik Sepulchre (the tomb of the Golden Clothed Man) that was opened in the year of 1970 within the environs of Isik Lake. The two-lined inscription that was written within this pot with Orhun Alphabet was dated back to the 5th-4th centuries BC. Furthermore, another inscription written with Tur alphabet (with 5 letters) pertaining to the 2nd century BC was found in Kurday site of the Tien Shan Mountains. It seems that the further researchers will increase these examples.

There were various opinions alleged about the origin of the Gokturk alphabet. The opinion that was highly respected was alleged by Danish Scholar, Thomsen V who succeeded in decoding the Orhun inscriptions (26th November 1893) for the first time in the history. According to his opinion, this alphabet was related with the ancient Aramaic alphabet. However, in the recent years, it has been alleged that there was a much stronger relation between the Orhun alphabet and a type of literary alphabet that was called as "Armazique" (in he North-Iran-Caucasus in the first half of the 2nd century BC).

However, it seems that there is a weak relation between these two alphabets (Although the Turkish alphabet has 389 letters, the "Armazique" alphabet had only 22 letters and the similarity in respect of form between these alphabets can only be observed in 10 letters). Slavs, Iranians, Chinese people, Indians and Mongolians had not used "runic" characters. The alphabet that was similar to the Gokturk letters in respect of characters (runic) was the ancient German "runes". However, as stated by Altheim, "it is not possible to establish a relation between these two alphabets in respect of both history and linguistics." Therefore, the most sensible way to be followed is to look for the origin of the Turkish alphabet within the Turkish environments.

According to its traces and documents in various regions, it seems that the Orhun alphabet had diffused from the Central Asia towards the neighbouring regions and gained a character of a common alphabet that was used within the region that extended from the Far East towards the Central Europe. Uighur knew the technique of printing books. This printing work was not a "block" type, in other words, a sort of duplication that was considered to have existed in China since the 2nd half of the 8th century. On the contrary, it was the movable letter system that constituted foundation for the modern press. Le Coq V and Grüwedel had found hundreds of letters made of hard wood in the Uighur language within the region of Turfan in the course o their research expeditions that they carried out between the years of 1902-1907. After wards, the Turkish letters that O.

Pelliot (1906-1909) encountered in the region of Tun-huang were the most ancient typeface of the press in the world. As a matter of fact, the Uighur alphabet was used by the Mongolians. Similarly, the official letters in the period of Timur State, and the "yarlıg" documents in the period of the Golden Horde State were written with the Uighur alphabet that was the common alphabet used in the Central Asia. This alphabet laid foundation for today's Manchu and Kalmuk scripts. The Chinese envoy Van-yen-tön had visited the Uighur Ruler Arslan Khan in the capital city of the country in the year of 981. He had provided significant descriptions about the palace, culture, social and economical lifestyles and state of affairs of the Uighur people in the Eastern Turkestan within his own articles.