Karakalpak Autonomous Republic is an autonomous republic connected to the Republic of Uzbekistan. The lands of Karakalpakistan are surrounded with Uzbekistan in the southeast, Turkmenistan in the south, and Kazakhistan in the west, north and east sides. The history of Karakalpakistan was founded on the historical Harizm lands. These lands are located on the delta of River Oxus (Ceyhun) that runs into the Lake Aral and the area on both sides of this delta. The Lake Aral was shared between Karakalpakistan and Kazakhstan. The West Side of the River Oxus is the desert of Kizilkum. Karakalpakistan Republic includes the West Side of the Kizilkum Desert, the delta of the River Oxus and the southeastern part of the Üstyurt savanna. The Kizilkum Desert covers a vast area full of sand dunes. Sultan-Ulzdag Mountains extend on the south of the desert (With the highest hill of 473 m.). The capital of Karakalpak Republic is the city of Nukus that is a political, industrial and cultural center of the Republic. It has a population of nearly 200.000. Before the revolution in October, Nukus was a military castle composed of two buildings. It developed since the year of 1932 and Karakalpak people moved to this place from the capital of Törtkül in 1939. Nukus is a city founded nearly at the centre of Karakalpakistan. The country was divided into 12 administrative regions, 8 cities and 8 centres of population. The most important cities are Tortkul, Çimbay, Hocaeli, Moynak, Kongrat, Biruni and Tahta Köprü. In the period of USSR, some new cities were founded such as Tahiatas, Sumanay, Karauzyak, Leninabad, Akmangit, Bustanlik, Komsomolsk, Usturte, and Karatav, etc. Its surface area is 164.900 km2 and the density of population is 8.3 persons per km2.
The continental climate is observed in Karakalpakistan. The rainfall is too rare. The annual average temperature is about 10-13 C°. The difference of temperature between seasons and the night and day is high. The average degree for winters is 5 C° and the average degree for summers is about 29 C°. The typical plant cover is composed of steppes and treads.
The continental climate is observed in Karakalpakistan. The rainfall is fairly law. The annual average temperature is about 10-13 C°. The difference of temperature between seasons and between the night and day is too high. The average temperature for winters is 5 C° and the average for summers is about 29 C°. The typical plant cover is composed of treads and steppe lands. The Mediterranean plants are observed in the Delta of the River Oxus.