LOZAN CONFERANCE
On November 1922 discussions which started in Lozan city of Switzarland. The Musul issue came to an agenda in meeting which was 26th November 1922. The reason why Lord Curzan came yhe Turkish-Iraq isue to agenda avoiding obtaining East bondry of Turkish was the position was ambiqious and complex, the English benefits were in dangeer and France and USA, the other states had started to benefit from that region.
İsmet Pasha answered this question that country couldnt be blessed to ethry a quarter of population. Kurd were elected by society. But they couldnt take place in assembly because they hadnt elected their representitives.
He hadnt understood why Lord Curzon didnt accept election. He must be asked the country would govern by whom and how. He had also been asked how Emir Faysal would be elected. But he hadnt been asked who wanted! He didnt approve of bringing of teh issue to Cemiyet-i Akvarn or Arbitration. Nations impotant lands as Musul couldnt be left to an arbitration with all sources.
When İsmet Pashe discussing Tyrellie one of the English representive had explained taht Turkey was a poor country. They wanted to portion from Musul petroleum supposing that a satisfying treat signed. England would soccour all sort of economic difficulties. But England indicated taht, while a peace treaty was being prepared, nothing must be bargained about petroleum and financial aid. Turkeys giving up claiming their rights on Musul was laid down a condition.discussion began to be made between Turk delegation and English petroleum experts to research opportunites Musul petroleum sources or income.
Ankara would sign a treaty about dispute by behaving moderate. Besides they were ready for breaking off with Soviet.but Lord Curson had no sympaty for this. When Musul issue couldnt be solved with special discussion,Curzon brought the issue to the land Commision on 23 January 1923. He urged tat petroeum sources in Musul wasnt related to English thesis. And this issue must be assigned to an arbitration. He wroye an application letter to Cemiyet-i Akvan. In letter, he had wanted the society to gather by informing that there was a danger of war because of Turks dissident attidudes. He declared that 11st languaging of Misak must be put into effect.
Having understood that Musul issue wouldnt be solved in Lozan Conference Lard Curzon had consented the articles taking up treaty text related to discussion between Turkey and England thanks to insistence Italian and French delegate. At the end, the condition of being appointed, border betwewen Turkey and Iraq from Lozan Treaty putting into effect in twelve monts, included in treaty text. It was resolvedon supposing that treaty wasnt provided, the issue would be shipped to Cemiyet-i Akvan. But England reminded that this aricles validity would revene as status qua in the fixed time. no attention would be done in the area. And this articles would be resistered 3rd languaging of Lozan Treaty. Thus Musul issue being dicussed left after Lozan treaty. The bilateral Contreat anticipating 3rd languaging in Lozan Treatyabout Musul isue between Turkey and England began at old Bahriye Nezareti Building in Kasımpaşa, İstanbul on 19 May 1924 in these meetings, called as Haliç Conference, Presient of Assembly Ali Fethi bey, Diyarbakır Deputy Fevzi Bey, Army Deputy Faik Bey Hariciye Councilor Nusret bey and Colonel İshak Avni bey had taken place on behalf of Turkey.
The most effective meeting, which England, Russia, France and Italy at last America joined, aws skyses-Picot Treaty signed between England and France on 9-16 May 1916.according to this treaty, France would detain Syrias edge regions from Akka(including Beyrut) Adana and Mersin,Dicle,Fırat regions between Baghdad and Basra would be left for the English. (An Arabian Goverments or Arabian Goverments federation would be founded with the rest of land). But this Arab Goverments Akka-Kerkük orders north part would be French population land. Morever, İskenderun acccepted as free harbour and Filistin would be international region. After this treaty, Bolshevik revulation and Czardom Russia was collapsed. The Bolshevik explained all seret documents of Czardom diplomacy. Hence, especially Şerif Hüseyin and Arabians wre disappointed. And British slies were found out clearly. Actually England wanted all Arab Public to riot aganist Ottoman Empire to stop them in their back since world war I broke out. So they got into touch with Mekke sacred Hüseyin. Sacred Hüseyin wanted to announce Hicazs indepence.
He also stipulated England to help himself for obtaining caliphate fro Sultan. So England five up being interested in work. Sacred Hüseyin applied to Ottoman Goverment. He wanted to owe Hicaz command on condition that ıts passing from father to son. But his demands werent accepted. The war intensified day by day. Thats why England intensified ıts effort to agree with sacred Hüseyin. Mekke sacred Hüseyin wanted to be found an indepent goverment including all Arab Peninsula and all Syria and Tray. He also demanded to preside this independent goverment. After long meetings made in 1915, England and Hüseyin signed a treaty in December 1916. Investigating committee yield its report prepared with unamious of side on 16 January 1924. But the English didnt take into consider this report.
Dr. Tevfik Rüştü sent a telegraph to Divan Chief sectary on 8 october. He declared that the issue was political..3/2 languaging of Lozan didnt need any decision having quality of arbitration. So Turkey wouldnt send representitives to divan.