THE HISTORY OF MUSUL-KERKUK
Musul has been a region in which a great variety of culture and civilization have met as it has been located in a strategic part of the Middle East. The first documents of the history of man were discovered in this region. Also people achieved the information during the transition from crowd of people to an organized community. It is know that before the year BC and Islam Conquest very significant civilizations were established in Meshapotamia containing Musul region. The most important of them are Assyria and Babylon civilizations. Ninova the capital of State of Assyria is opposite the River Kızılırmak and near Musul towards the east. Ninova or Ninos who established Ninova City ruled Assyria for 52 years. The State of Assyria existed for about 1300 years. It is stated in historical resources that Assyria ruler Sartnabal who constructed Kerkuk City in 805 Bc named it as Kerhsuluh. Kerhsuluh means city in Keldanice and Suluh is the original name of Satnabal.
Following the Assyria, the State of Babylon ruled over the whole country. But Babylon rule couldnt exist long due to the Persian invasion. After Persian had got hold of Musul -Kerkuk region, they populated densely in this area. Musul inhibitants are also subjected to Iskenders occupation. Then they inclined towards Christianity after its revalation. Musul in which Christianity dominated replaced Ninova, which had been the religious center of the Assyria since the beginning of 2nd century.
In the time of Hz. Ömer the Islam conqueror the boundary of State of Medine exceeded Arabia. Besides wars arranged towards Anatolia. Musul was conquered in 1642 with the war arranged towards Dicle- Fırat river basin under the command of Urfa b. Farkat one of the Hz. Ömers commanders. Also the Muslims under the command of Iyaz b.Ganem conquered Kerkük and around it in the same year. Muslims didnt dominate the people. Everybody was free to migrate anywhere they wanted or stay in the region. Harsama, appointed to the administration of Musul had Arab settled in this region and by providing them with land and house he changed Musul into a military city.
Mervan 2 the Emevi Caliph was killed in Egypt. After Ebul Abbas Abdullah had been elected as caliph, The State of Abbasid was established in 750. Thereupon they were ruled over by this state, Yahya, Ebul Abbas Abdullahs nephew whom he appointed as governor to Egypt, is known to have committed a big homicide in 751.Musul was occupied by Harici in 868 and after a while it was taken back by ek-Mutemed the Caliph. Mutemed the caliph appointed Turkish commander as governor to Musul but he himself didnt go there and sent his son to Musul as substitute for himself in 751. But the people of Musul turned him down and thereupon he had to leave Musul.Meanwhile Musullular had elected Yahya b. Süleyman as emir to themselves. Although Asategin appointed Heysem b.Abdullah as governor to Musul he couldnt exist against the people of Musul and had to turn back .Later the force sent to Musul under the command of Ishak b. Eyub couldnt succeed either.
After a while the danger of plunderer Kürt tribes came out. Thereupon Muktefi the Caliph sent Ebul-Hayca Abdullah, who is Hüseyins brother from Hemdaniler, Ebul-Hayca subdued Kürts, in 905 and made the chiefs yield. Following the Abbasid Hemdaniler ruled over Musul between from 929 to 996 and so did the Ukayliler from 996-1096 in Musul.