On 3 March 1924, caliphate was lifted and the Ottoman dynasty was sent abroad together with the last caliph. Hat and clothes revolutions were made during this period. Dervish Lodges and Small Dervish Lodges, tombs were closed; Ministry of Religious Law and Foundations was lifted. Accepting the principle of secular state, religious and state affairs were definitely separated. In law field, Religious Law courts and Mecelle being lifted, many new laws were accepted in addition to new Turkish Civil Code. Scientific and cultural affairs were highly weighed. Turkish History Institution and Turkish Language Institution were established to carry out researches on Turkish history and language.

Religious schools were closed and Republic schools were opened. A national path was followed in education. Letter revolution was made; Arabic letters were left and Turkish alphabet based on Latin letters was formed. The university was changed to have a more modern appearance by a great reform; and various faculties and professorships required were opened. International calendar, hour and numbers were accepted. Turkish women were granted the right of electing and being elected as a result of the reform in Women Law. Economic activities were attached importance. In 1923, gathering a Economy Congress in Turkey for the first time, economic problems of the country were discussed. Agricultural activities were extended; commerce and national industry were developed. Health issues were attached significance. A strong army was established.

In order to make the revolutions become established in the country more rapidly and in a sounder way, Republic People’s Party was established to include all Turkish people. The principles of politics in Turkey was regarded as Republicanism, nationalism, populism, secularism and revolutionism.

Mustafa Kemal, having accomplished most of his revolutions, wrote his Great Speech explaining the Turkish independence fight and telling about the establishment of new Turkey. He read this speech in the Party Congress in 1927 for six days with his amazing addressing ability.

In 1934, the Parliament gave the surname “ATATURK”, meaning Ancestor of Turks, with a special law. He tried for annexation of Hatay to the motherland with an unending excitement in his last years. His lung failure went worse in time and he elapsed his last days as a sick man.

He passed away in Dolmabahçe Palace at five past nine on Thursday 10 November 1938. His death was heard all over the world and made great effect, and emerged great sorrow. His body was embalmed and put into a special catafalque in the hall of Dolmabahçe Palace. The coffin with Turkish flag wrapped around and by which his war friends stood as watchman, was left for visit of the people for three days. His body was brought to Ankara on 20 November afterwards. On 21 November, he was put into his temporary tomb in Ethnography museum.

All states in the world sent special representatives to his funeral. Foreign generals who fought against him in Dardanelles and other wars drew much attention. His body was transferred to Mausoleum with a magnificent ceremony from the Ethnography museum on 10 November 1953.

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