On the other hand, Greeks were preparing for an assault toward mid-Anatolia from Izmir. Since the armistice officially dissolved organized army forces and took their arms, only local forces and voluntary detachments could resist the enemy in occupied regions. Civil rebellions headed by cheated people such a sAnzavur, Çopur Musa, Postman Nazim were going on in some parts of Anatolia in addition to such assault of the enemy.
Despite all of these domestic and foreign difficulties and hardships, Turkish Parliament Government dominated and began to reach success in many fronts against enemy forces. In the eastern front, 15th Army Corps Commander Kazım Karabekir achieved great successes. In this region, by an assault on the Armenians surpassing our border cities by occupying Oltu, Sarıkamış and Kars on 28 September 1920, the Armenian Republic army headquartered in Erivan was defeated and Sarıkamış and Kars were taken back respectively on 29 September 1920 and 30 October 1920.
Upon peace demand by Armenians, the war was ended by executing Gümrü Agreement on 2/3 December 1920. Gürcistan was made to empty our Ardahan and Artvin provinces. In southern front, in Adana, Urfa, Antep and Maraş, local forces carried out violent conflicts against French troops.
As a result, French had to withdraw from Maraş on 12 February 1920 and from Urfa on 11 April 1920. Ankara Agreement made with French on 21 October 1921 meant liberation of Adana, Mersin, Gaziantep and some other provinces.
Greeks, taking advantage of the hard conditions the two months old new government in Ankara suffers, launched general assault in the Western front on 22 June 1920 and occupied Bursa on 8 July 1920, Uşak on 29 August 1920 by cutting through the power of nation front consisting of voluntaries mostly.
The Greeks passed on further march rapidly from both Bursa and Uşak fronts on 6 January 1921. Their purpose was to defeat Turkish forces in the weakened positions by raiding immediately, and then by capturing Eskişehir and Afyon, opening their way to Ankara. They would easily be able to eliminate the eight months old national government if they could succeed. Both Eskişehir and Afyon were militarily important crossroads.
Losing these cities meant acquisition of important railroads by the enemy. Upon this critical condition developed by enemy assault, the commanders of Western and Southern front negotiated the issue and decided to transfer most of our forces in Gediz and Kütahya regions to the positions in İnönü and Dumlupınar as soon as possible. However, the distance between Gediz and Kütahya and Inönü positions took 3 days. If Greeks could reach İnönü position before us, they could be able to advance as far as Eskişehir without resistance. Then, the enemy had to be stopped in İnönü position by marching rapidly.
On the other hand, rapidly progressing Greeks occupied Çivril and Pazarcık on 8 January 1921 and Bilecik and Bozüyük in the morning on 9 January. However, the belief in victory of the leaders of the National Fight was not shocked in spite of all of these occupations, hardships, and obligation to fight two separate enemies at the same time.