Upon the collapse of the Kazan Khanate in 1552, the forefront of the Turkish world was lost and the Russian expansion continued towards the Turkish countries from all directions of the east, south and southeast. After the war that lasted for three years between the years of 1582-1585 under the Russian invasion, the Sibir Khanate was abrogated and the Russian armies pushed towards the border of Hakasia. Hooray Hakas State was located on the edge of Tom and Çalım Rivers that were called as Khirghiz Lands by the Russians. The western borders of the country passed through Ob, Çalım, Kondum, Mrass and Biy Rivers. They even collected taxes from the bey tribes on the most west parts until the foundation of Transk City in the year of 1604. Russians struggled to establish dominion over this country for 120 years.
When the Russians understood that they could not invade the country easily, they started to besiege its surroundings gradually. Firstly, the northern border of Hakasia was chained by the castles. The Russians used to found their new castles in the front ends of the borders with low population that were not strong enough to resist. When the people in the surroundings would accept to pay taxes to the Tsar, it would be separated from Hakas State thereof. The Russians promised them that they would provide their securities. The castles that were constructed in this period are the Castle of Keiskiy in 1602, Tomsk Castle in 1604, the Castle of Makovskiy in 1618, the Castle of Yeniseyskiy in 1619, the Castle of Meletskiy in 1621, the Castles of Bratsk and Rıbenskiy in 1628, the Castle of Kanskiy in 1636, and the Castle of Adinskiy in 1646.
Pursuant to the construction of these castles, Russians started to transgress the real Hakas lands gradually. They decided to build a castle in the Middle Yenisey. This region was within the lands of Izır Beyliği connected to Hakas Khan. While the Russians expanded in Siberia, they followed their imperialist policy of "Whip and sweet". The historian Bahruşin that researched about the Russian invasion in Siberia states that "The fundamental purpose of the Russia was taxes. All the ways in the seizure of fir animals for the Tsar's treasury were considered as lawful."
The Tsar's order given to the Russian Andrey Dubenskiy that laid the foundation of the Castle of Krasnoyarks was as follows: "Taxes will be collected from the lands newly invaded. The people of these regions should swear that they will not rebel against it, and some of them may even earn a salary from the state. It may be necessary to feed and clothe some of them. In case that they do not give permission for the construction of the castles, then you will fight with them."
When Andrey Duberskiy came to the Tülki lands with his soldiers, he was received and entertained as a guest by Tatıy and Obıtay Beys. Then, they helped them to fell trees from the forests. Andrey had told them that they would build a commercial city. When the Beys perceived that The Russians built a military fort instead of a commercial city, the wars burst out. These wars that took place in 1628 were the first wars between the Russians and Hakas people in "Khirghiz lands".Bahruşin states that "The first of the native people could only be seized with the force of arms. This resembled to an armed robbery rather than the collection of taxes". Although the commanders of Krasnoyarks and Tomsk castles wanted to build some castles in the southern Haka lands, they could not realise it for a long time. They attempted to build a castle on the edge og Tuba River in the year of 1638, but they were defeated in the war with Hakas people and they were forced to retreat. They built Açinskiy Castle in the year of 1642, but Hakas people burned this castle after a few years.
The Karagulskiy Castle was built in the south with a distance of 200 km from Krasnoyarsk in the year of 1675. In the same year, the castle of Abakanskiy was built in Karagaş Island over Abakan River, but this castle was also burnt after three years.
When silver beds and seams were found in the southwest of Hakasia, the construction of a castle was started in the edge of Kaştak River. Pursuant to the construction of this castle, the Hakas-Rus wars burst out that would last until 1718.When the Castle of Sayan was completed in 1818, Hakasia was totally besieged. The Sayan Castle was built in the place where Yenisey River runs into the Hakas lands. This river provided the relation of Hakas people with Tuva and Mongolia. The riverbed was followed in summers, and the river that got frozen in winters was suitable for transportation. When this last point of communication pertaining to Hakasia was disconnected, Hakas people were obliged to surrender to the Russians.
In the invasion of Hakasia, the leading group that came first before the real Russians was the Russian Kazakhs just as in the Siberia, Caucasus and the Crimean Turkish countries. We used the term of Kazakh as the Russian Kazakhs in order to prevent from the misinterpretation of it as Turkish Kazakhs. The Russians involved in the invasion of Hakasia mentioned in the text is the "Russian Kazakhs". The Crimean Tatars and Hakas people used the term of Kazakh with a little despising meaning since their first relations with the Russians were through Kazakh people. The name of "Urus" in the saying of Hakas language is only used in the official texts.Pursuant to the invasion of Hakasia, the immigrations of Russian Kazakhs to the Hakas lands continued in the form of hunters of fur animals, merchants, villagers and the exile groups due to various reasons. Those who newly came to the region would establish villages and settle in them.
Hakas people were considered among the "taxpayer" people. It has been observed that 8188 houses paid taxes in the year of 1792. According to this information, the population of Hakas was about 40 thousands of people in this period. This population pertaining to the period before 200 years indicated a significant potential that cannot be neglected. However, as a result of the forced adoption of Russian identity and the Christianity in parallel to the efforts, Hakas population was assimilated and they only could increase two folds within two hundred years.